3466.2 Assessment
Research Question (Clear, unambiguous) "[W]hy do American universities internationalize?"  This question is inherently interesting, but it may be too general.  Becoming international is vague, American universities are vary diverse, and change has occurred over time.  
Relevant Literature The Faruda study mentioned as the basis for design does not appear to be a very good study, so you might want to think that through.  The material listed overall is a good start for a literature review.  (The Faruda study's main finding is that colleges saying they stress criteria other than tests is related to colleges dropping achievement tests as an admission requirement - this counts as a finding only for people unable to think.)
Causal Interpretations (clear, all parts defined, mechanisms, controls, plausible) That economic needs or ideological outlooks are two possible causes for universities to seek global ties makes sense.  However, these are diffuse conditions and it is unclear how you will measure them.
Data (variables, sample, comparison) The data mentioned is good for many institutional characteristics, but it is not obvious how you will achieve either your causal or outcome variables using them.  Which leaves the project hanging.
Research Value The discussion of research value is fine.
Overall The proposed research seems worth doing, but it is too vaguely defined and the plan does not appear to cope with the issues of data and analysis successfully.