9005 Assessment
Research Question This is in good shape.  The series of research questions is too broad, in the sense that it implies too large of a project.  You should consider organizing the specific research questions into some priority list, based on their interdependence, on your interest in them, and on their research significance.  Then, aim this thesis at the questions with the highest priority, understanding that you can expand the project later.
Relevant Literature The initial overview of relevant literature seems fine.
Causal Interpretations The issues of historical/cohort variation in the functioning of social mobility are interesting, but complex.  You might want to look at some of the work of Florencia Torche for thoughtful examples of taking historical conditions into account while studying mobility related issues (also external to the U.S.).  These issues get both theoretically and methodologically complex very quickly, which is a further reason for narrowing the focus of your initial research effort.
Data  The data seem fine.  Of course, there are some inherent issues in trying to compare cohorts based on retrospective cross-sectional data, and you should think those through carefully.
Research Value Okay
Timetable The proposed schedule will depend on keeping a tight rein on the research.
   
Priorities for Developing a Full Draft Setting priorities and focusing the research seem the right priorities.  
Miscellaneous Notes